The most common path is to apply for Optional Practical Training (OPT). This allows a student to stay in the U.S. for one full year after graduation in order to complement his or her studies with practical training on their field. OPT has certain requirements: the job has to be related to the field of study and you must work at least 21 hours per week.
You are eligible to apply between 90 days before graduation and 60 days after you have graduated.
Professionals with a STEM degree (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) are eligible for a 17 month extension of their OPT, while professionals from other fields must look into shifting towards employment visas (such as H1-B, O-1 and L-1) after completing their training. For more information about OPT, click here.